Visit southern Alberta’s historical attractions

Head-Smashed-In Buffalo Jump and Fort Macleod contribute to the area's rich history

Head-Smashed-In Buffalo Jump and Fort Macleod both offer a great experience for the history buff or anyone travelling through the area.

Martin Ebel, economic development officer for the Town of Fort Macleod, has extensive knowledge of the history and heritage of this region. He said the area has traditionally been part of the Blackfoot confederacy of tribes, and it is their culture that is showcased at Head-Smashed-In Buffalo Jump.

“The most efficient way for the Blackfoot to hunt was to kill a large number of buffalo at once, and they would drive them off a buffalo drop,” said Ebel.

At Head-Smashed-In Buffalo Jump, visitors can observe the site where buffalo were drawn into drive lanes that would lead them to a cliff to be killed. The buffalo were processed in camps below the drops. Extensive excavation has helped archeologists understand this complex system. Consequently, Head-Smashed-In Buffalo Jump was designated a world heritage site in 1981; it was recognized as one of the oldest and best preserved sites of its kind.

Fort Macleod is a 15-minute drive from Head-Smashed-In. It was founded in 1874 when the the first permanent post of the North West Mounted Police, led by Colonel James F. Macleod, was established. The police presence was needed to offset the burgeoning trade of fire water (whisky) in the area.

“Culturally, there was no context for the lawlessness," said Ebel, "and (whisky) was literally decimating the First Nations tribes, who were already under pressure."

Ultimately, the mounted police presence established law and order and opened up the way for settlers to Western Canada.

Present-day Fort Macleod is actually a mile upstream from the original post and retains much of its historical charm. A self-guided walking tour of the historic area is possible and many shops occupy the old buildings.

“In July and August, the only on-site musical ride in Canada is performed by the North West Mounted Police here at the Fort Museum,” said Ebel.

Ebel said 2012 will be a big year for the area. The musical ride will celebrate its 40th birthday, Head-Smashed-In Buffalo Jump will be 25 and the Empress Theatre in Fort Macleod will mark 100 years of operation.